Catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO nanoparticles delay the onset of catheter-associated urinary tract infections

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections associated with medical devices. In the current study, the synthesis, coating, antibiofilm properties, and biocompatibility of urinary catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO (Zn0.12Cu0.88O) nanoparticles (NPs) were examined. The doped NPs were synthesized and subsequently deposited on the catheter by the sonochemical method. The coated catheters displayed high antibiofilm activity and promising biocompatibility, as indicated by low in vitro cytotoxicity, negligible associated cytokine secretion, and absence of detectable irritation. The biocompatibility and ability of the Zn-doped CuO coating to inhibit biofilm formation were also evaluated in vivo using a rabbit model. Rabbits catheterized with uncoated catheters scored positive for CAUTI by day 4 of the experiment. In contrast, rabbits catheterized with Zn-doped CuO-coated catheters did not exhibit CAUTI until day 7 or remained completely uninfected for the whole duration of the 7-day experiment. Furthermore, the in vivo biocompatibility assays and examinations supported the biosafety of Zn-doped CuO-coated catheters. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of Zn-doped CuO nanocomposite as effective antibiofilm compound.